Research 137: the batch executor's stage 4 (columns read in place, comparisons counting their lanes): knapsack 10.07 to 8.25 ms (bar 8.6; b9 11.46, the compiled code 7.9), its instructions 12.2% below b9's; what is left of knapsack's gap is the per-batch interpretation (about 3 ms), not the kernels (ADD 1.7, GT 1.7, the masked set 0.55 ms); the others the same by instructions; make check's server_view_workers timed out once (the known flake), passed 3/3 alone and in a full rerun; bank queries' instructions within 0.1% of b9's, TPC-C -0.3%; the two large gaps left (matmul's nested rounds, BFS's candidate tail) the user's to choose

31 files changed, 333 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/CHECKPOINT.md b/CHECKPOINT.md
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 | 영역 | 확인한 것 | 근거 |
 |---|---|---|
 | 앱 표현 | 상태(수, `bool`, 정확한 64비트 정수 `i64`, text와 커서·마크, 레코드의 리스트와 키 있는 리스트, 인덱스), 입력(키, text, 필드 있는 메시지, 타이머), 원자적 이벤트 핸들러, 순수 보기(조건식, 표와 걸러진 표, count·sum·max·min·first), `fn`·`use` 라이브러리, text 비교, 시간(`now`, `every`, `floor`, `%`). 로드할 때 타입·스택·합류·커서와 인덱스의 소속을 모두 검증하고 이벤트의 실행량에 상한이 있다 | 008, [016](docs/design/016-bool-and-i64.md), aup `docs/design/002-dsl-direction.md`, aup `make check`(파이썬 참조 모델 대조, 진단 223건) |
-| 수명과 계산 | 값의 수명은 선언이 말한다: `state`(저장), `transient state`(앱이 도는 동안: 저장소에 쓰지 않고 다시 시작하면 초기값, SD 카드에서 쓰기 17배), `let`(이벤트 동안). 핸들러와 보기가 계산한다: 이벤트의 리스트(`let seen: list of Seen by node`), 세는 `for i in a .. b`, `break`, 8겹까지의 중첩, 그리고 `view 이름(인자) { … return … }`(스냅숏에서 돌아 소유자를 막지 않는다). 모든 반복은 시작할 때 횟수의 상한을 갖고, 모든 이벤트와 보기는 실행량 예산(정하지 않으면 2^28 명령)과 메모리 몫(2^28 바이트) 안에서 끝난다. 노드 10만·간선 100만의 BFS 한 이벤트가 HTTP로 90 ms였고(처음 397, 020 뒤 191; CPython 452, C 9.1, 123), 022 뒤 코어는 7.4 ms다(같은 프로세스의 C 9.9): 많이 찾는 저장된 리스트를 배열과 칸의 색인으로 펴고, 열을 값만큼 좁히고, 루프 묶음을 레지스터의 기계어로 돈다(리눅스 AArch64의 JIT; 다른 곳은 실행기, 답은 같다). 다만 C를 넘은 것은 미리 읽기 덕이고, 끄면 15.7 ms로 C의 1.57배다. 일곱 가지 일(실수 루프, 배낭, 정렬, 조인, 텍스트, 행렬, BFS)로 C와 견주면 124에서는 3–300배 느렸고, 023의 계층과 표현(HASHED: 차례를 어긴 키는 해시 표의 칸에, 위치가 필요할 때 정렬)으로 지금은 1.19–5.58배(기하 평균 1.92)다(125). Pure의 표현과 뜻대로 손으로 쓴 바닥은 C의 0.90배이고 뜻의 검사는 끌어내면 0–3%라, 막는 것은 실행 계층이다(124). 모든 블록을 SSA로 올리는 최적화 계층(023)의 첫 걸음들이 들어갔고, 텍스트(실행기로 돈다)와 BFS(계층이 덧붙이기를 못 한다)가 남았다. 기계어를 만들지 않는 길로, 루프를 회차 256개의 묶음으로 돌고 연산마다 빌드 때 만든 C 루프를 쓰는 묶음 실행기(024)를 시제품으로 재니 연산을 따로 해석하면 roots 0.99배, 배낭 0.71배(4바이트 레인), BFS 1.03배, join 1.77배, 행렬 곱 2.50배이고, 행렬 곱은 곱해 더하기를 합치면 0.94배였다(계층 1.20–2.46배, 기하 평균 1.92 대 1.58, 합친 꼴로 1.24; 041, 손으로 짠 천장). 1단계(세는 루프의 레인 꼴 몸체, 회차 1024개씩)가 들어가 knapsack이 실행기에서 1,041 ms에서 13.6 ms가 됐다(계층 7.5, 안쪽 루프는 1.17배). 묶음 루프가 없는 모듈의 실행기는 명령과 사이클이 그대로다(126). 2단계(중첩 루프를 레인마다 함께, `x = x + e`·`min`·`max` 모으기)로 roots가 9.13 ms가 되어 기계어 없이 계층(9.57)보다 빠르고, matmul은 914.9에서 50.0 ms다(계층 14.3, 127). 덧붙이기, 점화식, 칸에 더하기, 걷기를 묶어 join이 실행기의 423에서 161 ms가 됐다(계층 74). 남은 값은 덧붙이기 하나 약 100 ns(실행기와 같다), join의 점화식 회차당 약 60 ns, 레인이 적은 중첩 몸체의 해석이고, BFS는 묶이지 않아 기계어를 아직 걷어낼 수 없다(128). 덧붙이기를 리스트의 한 호출로, 점화식을 레지스터 꼴로, 모으기의 끝을 차례 없이 하자 knapsack 10.8, matmul 36.4, join 118, sort 55.5 ms가 됐다(기계어 7.9, 14.2, 72–79, 35.6; 129). BFS는 프런티어 묶음으로 셈하면 차례대로 할 꼬리가 간선의 약 10%다(129). 가드 루프, 묶음 안의 걷기, 커지기만 하는 걸러내기로 BFS도 묶음으로 돌아 93에서 41 ms가 됐다(기계어 7.7, C 10). 간선당 명령 211개 대 38.5개이고, 이 꼴의 바닥(약 50개)이 기계어 위라서 기계어를 걷어내려면 합친 연산이 필요하다(130). 범용 장치만으로(같은 코드의 값 다시 쓰기, 고르기, 비트로 묻기, 아핀 `first + i`) 간선당 112개, 24.0 ms가 됐고, 범용의 바닥은 기계어의 약 2배로 보인다(131). 레지스터 타일 해석기를 시제품으로 재니(133) 산수의 사슬은 C보다 빠르고(roots 5.8 ms) 모으기가 있는 몸체는 졌으며(배낭 4배, BFS 2.4배), 같은 자리에서 꽉 짠 훑기가 BFS 기계어의 1.2배·배낭 0.4배였다: 훑기의 꼴은 옳고 3배는 구현이라, 묶음 프로그램을 로드 때 한 번 만들고 루프를 꽉 짜는 길로 간다. 그 값을 재니 배낭에서 묶음마다 0.90 µs(시간의 38%)이고, 블록의 모양에서 나오는 사실은 로드 때, 값에서 나오는 사실만 묶음마다 보는 설계를 다섯 단계로 세웠다(025). 1단계(블록의 사실을 로드 때 한 번)로 배낭의 묶음마다 값이 0.90에서 0.68 µs, 배낭이 11.48에서 10.34 ms가 됐다. 막대(0.60 µs, 10.3 ms)에는 못 미쳤고, 남은 값은 명령마다의 해석이다(134). 2단계(균일·아핀 조각을 스칼라로 한 번에)는 matmul을 38.2에서 36.1 ms로 줄였지만(중첩 회차의 해석) 배낭의 묶음마다 값은 0.63 µs에 머물렀다: 그 값은 키로 찾기와 레인 연산의 준비에 있다(135). 다음은 요소마다다. 3단계(4바이트 곱하기, 레인 없이 시작하는 모으기, 리스트의 칸을 묶음에 한 번)로 b9 대비 matmul 40.0 → 26.0 ms, knapsack 11.5 → 10.1, roots 9.0 → 8.3이 됐고(기계어 14.2, 7.9, 9.57), 실행기와 은행 질의의 명령 수, TPC-C는 그대로다(136). TPC-C −2.8%(기준 3% 안), 은행 질의의 명령 수는 1% 안. 같은 계산이 Pi(JIT)·WSL2·M3 Mac에서 같다. 같은 탐색을 보기로 하면 쓰기는 CPU를 나누는 만큼만 줄고(이벤트로 하면 0.2%로 멈춘다), 본문이 있는 보기는 보기의 스레드(`--view-workers`)가 계산해 연결 스레드를 막지 않는다(쓰기 최대 지연이 CPU만 나눌 때의 1.0배, 연결 스레드 하나에서 묻는 연결 둘이 1.95배) | [018](docs/design/018-lifetimes-and-computation.md), [020](docs/design/020-computing-faster.md), [117](docs/research/117-transient-states.md), [118](docs/research/118-computing-in-one-event.md), [119](docs/research/119-views-that-compute.md), [121](docs/research/121-computing-faster.md), [122](docs/research/122-views-off-the-connection-threads.md), [021](docs/design/021-past-c.md), [123](docs/research/123-past-c.md), [022](docs/design/022-arrays-and-registers.md), [124](docs/research/124-against-c.md), [023](docs/design/023-optimizing-tier.md), [125](docs/research/125-tier-first-steps.md), [024](docs/design/024-batch-executor.md), [126](docs/research/126-batch-executor-stage-one.md), [127](docs/research/127-batch-executor-stage-two.md), [128](docs/research/128-batch-executor-tables-and-costs.md), [129](docs/research/129-batch-executor-costs-cut.md), [130](docs/research/130-batch-executor-frontiers.md), [131](docs/research/131-batch-executor-general-cuts.md), [132](docs/research/132-batch-executor-floor-and-the-way-past.md), [133](docs/research/133-register-tiles-measured.md), [025](docs/design/025-batch-programs.md), [134](docs/research/134-batch-plans-stage-one.md), [135](docs/research/135-batch-plans-stage-two.md), [136](docs/research/136-batch-executor-stage-three.md) |
+| 수명과 계산 | 값의 수명은 선언이 말한다: `state`(저장), `transient state`(앱이 도는 동안: 저장소에 쓰지 않고 다시 시작하면 초기값, SD 카드에서 쓰기 17배), `let`(이벤트 동안). 핸들러와 보기가 계산한다: 이벤트의 리스트(`let seen: list of Seen by node`), 세는 `for i in a .. b`, `break`, 8겹까지의 중첩, 그리고 `view 이름(인자) { … return … }`(스냅숏에서 돌아 소유자를 막지 않는다). 모든 반복은 시작할 때 횟수의 상한을 갖고, 모든 이벤트와 보기는 실행량 예산(정하지 않으면 2^28 명령)과 메모리 몫(2^28 바이트) 안에서 끝난다. 노드 10만·간선 100만의 BFS 한 이벤트가 HTTP로 90 ms였고(처음 397, 020 뒤 191; CPython 452, C 9.1, 123), 022 뒤 코어는 7.4 ms다(같은 프로세스의 C 9.9): 많이 찾는 저장된 리스트를 배열과 칸의 색인으로 펴고, 열을 값만큼 좁히고, 루프 묶음을 레지스터의 기계어로 돈다(리눅스 AArch64의 JIT; 다른 곳은 실행기, 답은 같다). 다만 C를 넘은 것은 미리 읽기 덕이고, 끄면 15.7 ms로 C의 1.57배다. 일곱 가지 일(실수 루프, 배낭, 정렬, 조인, 텍스트, 행렬, BFS)로 C와 견주면 124에서는 3–300배 느렸고, 023의 계층과 표현(HASHED: 차례를 어긴 키는 해시 표의 칸에, 위치가 필요할 때 정렬)으로 지금은 1.19–5.58배(기하 평균 1.92)다(125). Pure의 표현과 뜻대로 손으로 쓴 바닥은 C의 0.90배이고 뜻의 검사는 끌어내면 0–3%라, 막는 것은 실행 계층이다(124). 모든 블록을 SSA로 올리는 최적화 계층(023)의 첫 걸음들이 들어갔고, 텍스트(실행기로 돈다)와 BFS(계층이 덧붙이기를 못 한다)가 남았다. 기계어를 만들지 않는 길로, 루프를 회차 256개의 묶음으로 돌고 연산마다 빌드 때 만든 C 루프를 쓰는 묶음 실행기(024)를 시제품으로 재니 연산을 따로 해석하면 roots 0.99배, 배낭 0.71배(4바이트 레인), BFS 1.03배, join 1.77배, 행렬 곱 2.50배이고, 행렬 곱은 곱해 더하기를 합치면 0.94배였다(계층 1.20–2.46배, 기하 평균 1.92 대 1.58, 합친 꼴로 1.24; 041, 손으로 짠 천장). 1단계(세는 루프의 레인 꼴 몸체, 회차 1024개씩)가 들어가 knapsack이 실행기에서 1,041 ms에서 13.6 ms가 됐다(계층 7.5, 안쪽 루프는 1.17배). 묶음 루프가 없는 모듈의 실행기는 명령과 사이클이 그대로다(126). 2단계(중첩 루프를 레인마다 함께, `x = x + e`·`min`·`max` 모으기)로 roots가 9.13 ms가 되어 기계어 없이 계층(9.57)보다 빠르고, matmul은 914.9에서 50.0 ms다(계층 14.3, 127). 덧붙이기, 점화식, 칸에 더하기, 걷기를 묶어 join이 실행기의 423에서 161 ms가 됐다(계층 74). 남은 값은 덧붙이기 하나 약 100 ns(실행기와 같다), join의 점화식 회차당 약 60 ns, 레인이 적은 중첩 몸체의 해석이고, BFS는 묶이지 않아 기계어를 아직 걷어낼 수 없다(128). 덧붙이기를 리스트의 한 호출로, 점화식을 레지스터 꼴로, 모으기의 끝을 차례 없이 하자 knapsack 10.8, matmul 36.4, join 118, sort 55.5 ms가 됐다(기계어 7.9, 14.2, 72–79, 35.6; 129). BFS는 프런티어 묶음으로 셈하면 차례대로 할 꼬리가 간선의 약 10%다(129). 가드 루프, 묶음 안의 걷기, 커지기만 하는 걸러내기로 BFS도 묶음으로 돌아 93에서 41 ms가 됐다(기계어 7.7, C 10). 간선당 명령 211개 대 38.5개이고, 이 꼴의 바닥(약 50개)이 기계어 위라서 기계어를 걷어내려면 합친 연산이 필요하다(130). 범용 장치만으로(같은 코드의 값 다시 쓰기, 고르기, 비트로 묻기, 아핀 `first + i`) 간선당 112개, 24.0 ms가 됐고, 범용의 바닥은 기계어의 약 2배로 보인다(131). 레지스터 타일 해석기를 시제품으로 재니(133) 산수의 사슬은 C보다 빠르고(roots 5.8 ms) 모으기가 있는 몸체는 졌으며(배낭 4배, BFS 2.4배), 같은 자리에서 꽉 짠 훑기가 BFS 기계어의 1.2배·배낭 0.4배였다: 훑기의 꼴은 옳고 3배는 구현이라, 묶음 프로그램을 로드 때 한 번 만들고 루프를 꽉 짜는 길로 간다. 그 값을 재니 배낭에서 묶음마다 0.90 µs(시간의 38%)이고, 블록의 모양에서 나오는 사실은 로드 때, 값에서 나오는 사실만 묶음마다 보는 설계를 다섯 단계로 세웠다(025). 1단계(블록의 사실을 로드 때 한 번)로 배낭의 묶음마다 값이 0.90에서 0.68 µs, 배낭이 11.48에서 10.34 ms가 됐다. 막대(0.60 µs, 10.3 ms)에는 못 미쳤고, 남은 값은 명령마다의 해석이다(134). 2단계(균일·아핀 조각을 스칼라로 한 번에)는 matmul을 38.2에서 36.1 ms로 줄였지만(중첩 회차의 해석) 배낭의 묶음마다 값은 0.63 µs에 머물렀다: 그 값은 키로 찾기와 레인 연산의 준비에 있다(135). 다음은 요소마다다. 3단계(4바이트 곱하기, 레인 없이 시작하는 모으기, 리스트의 칸을 묶음에 한 번)로 b9 대비 matmul 40.0 → 26.0 ms, knapsack 11.5 → 10.1, roots 9.0 → 8.3이 됐고(기계어 14.2, 7.9, 9.57), 실행기와 은행 질의의 명령 수, TPC-C는 그대로다(136). 4단계(열을 제자리에서 읽기, 비교가 레인을 세기)로 knapsack이 8.25 ms가 되어 기계어(7.9)의 1.04배다. 남은 큰 틈은 matmul(26.3 대 14.2: 안쪽 회차마다의 해석)과 BFS(24.1 대 7.7: 후보 꼬리)다(137). TPC-C −2.8%(기준 3% 안), 은행 질의의 명령 수는 1% 안. 같은 계산이 Pi(JIT)·WSL2·M3 Mac에서 같다. 같은 탐색을 보기로 하면 쓰기는 CPU를 나누는 만큼만 줄고(이벤트로 하면 0.2%로 멈춘다), 본문이 있는 보기는 보기의 스레드(`--view-workers`)가 계산해 연결 스레드를 막지 않는다(쓰기 최대 지연이 CPU만 나눌 때의 1.0배, 연결 스레드 하나에서 묻는 연결 둘이 1.95배) | [018](docs/design/018-lifetimes-and-computation.md), [020](docs/design/020-computing-faster.md), [117](docs/research/117-transient-states.md), [118](docs/research/118-computing-in-one-event.md), [119](docs/research/119-views-that-compute.md), [121](docs/research/121-computing-faster.md), [122](docs/research/122-views-off-the-connection-threads.md), [021](docs/design/021-past-c.md), [123](docs/research/123-past-c.md), [022](docs/design/022-arrays-and-registers.md), [124](docs/research/124-against-c.md), [023](docs/design/023-optimizing-tier.md), [125](docs/research/125-tier-first-steps.md), [024](docs/design/024-batch-executor.md), [126](docs/research/126-batch-executor-stage-one.md), [127](docs/research/127-batch-executor-stage-two.md), [128](docs/research/128-batch-executor-tables-and-costs.md), [129](docs/research/129-batch-executor-costs-cut.md), [130](docs/research/130-batch-executor-frontiers.md), [131](docs/research/131-batch-executor-general-cuts.md), [132](docs/research/132-batch-executor-floor-and-the-way-past.md), [133](docs/research/133-register-tiles-measured.md), [025](docs/design/025-batch-programs.md), [134](docs/research/134-batch-plans-stage-one.md), [135](docs/research/135-batch-plans-stage-two.md), [136](docs/research/136-batch-executor-stage-three.md), [137](docs/research/137-batch-executor-stage-four.md) |
 | 보기 밀기 | 보기의 `GET`에 `Accept: text/event-stream`이면 그 값을 민다(SSE, 브라우저의 `EventSource` 그대로). 같은 보기와 인자를 보는 구독자는 계산 한 번을 나누고, 값이 바뀔 때만, 많아야 10 ms마다 한 번 보낸다. 느린 구독자에게는 가장 새 값 하나만 기다리게 한다. 모듈이 바뀌어도 같은 이름의 보기로 이어 가고, 토큰을 빼면 끊는다. 구독자 1,000에 쓰기 초당 100번까지 신선도 p99 11 ms 이하, 초당 1번이면 100 ms 폴링의 약 10분의 1 CPU(이벤트 하나와 요청 하나의 값이 같아 메시지 수의 비다), 구독자 1만에 구독자마다 0.3–0.4 KiB, 1만에게 퍼지기까지 p99 45 ms | [019](docs/design/019-pushing-views.md), [120](docs/research/120-pushing-views.md) |
 | 영속 | 선언한 상태가 곧 영속 상태다. 목록은 이미지와 로그(저장마다 바뀐 기록 한 항목, 재사용하는 할당 구간, 앞 항목의 다이제스트로 이어짐)에, 나머지는 트리 저장소에(커밋당 한 연속 구간과 동기화 한 번). 이벤트 묶음마다 저장 한 번, 이미지는 소유자 밖에서 체크포인트. `kill -9`와 커밋 각 단계의 죽음 뒤 확인 응답한 이벤트가 모두 남는다. 레코드·키가 바뀐 모듈로 바꿔도 데이터가 이름으로 옮겨진다 | [076](docs/research/076-one-sync-commit.md), [081](docs/research/081-tail-records.md), [092](docs/research/092-tpcc.md), 008 상태 영속·교체 |
 | 인터페이스 | 한 명세가 TUI(셀 단위 갱신), CLI, 문장(NUI), 웹 GUI가 된다. 저장하면 실행 중인 앱이 상태를 이어 새 모듈로 바뀐다(`aup watch`, `vega … --watch`) | Vega `docs/design/001-first-component.md`, Vega `make check`(가상 터미널, 헤드리스 Chromium 포함) |
diff --git a/docs/design/025-batch-programs.md b/docs/design/025-batch-programs.md
index 8b9ab78..b79075b 100644
--- a/docs/design/025-batch-programs.md
+++ b/docs/design/025-batch-programs.md
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ matmul ≤ 21 ms). 4바이트 곱하기 뒤 matmul은 26.57 ms다(명령 −20%)
 훑기 여섯을 셋으로). 4단계의 막대는 셈으로 ≤ 8.6 ms다: 열 보기가 묶음마다 4 KB 복사 둘(약 500 사이클)을, 비교가 레인을 세면
 가르기의 훑기(약 300–400 사이클)를 덜어 묶음마다 약 0.35 µs × 4,886 ≈ 1.7 ms다. 더하기(레인당 넘침 검사와 함께 약 2.5 명령)와
 비교(약 1.25)가 따로인 한, 레인 1024에서 knapsack의 범용의 바닥은 약 8.3 ms로 기계어(7.9)의 조금 위다. 그 아래는 두 커널을 합치는
-일이고, 이 설계는 합친 연산을 두지 않는다(133과 같은 결론). [024](024-batch-executor.md)가 처음에 적고 만들지 않은 단계("묶음 프로그램은 루프마다 한 번
+일이고, 이 설계는 합친 연산을 두지 않는다(133과 같은 결론). 4단계를 닫았다([137](../research/137-batch-executor-stage-four.md): 열을 제자리에서
+읽고(보기, `pass`를 넘어 남는 여섯 자리는 복사) 비교가 레인을 세어 knapsack 10.07 → 8.25 ms(막대 ≤ 8.6, 기계어의 1.04배). 남은 차는
+커널이 아니라 묶음마다의 해석(약 3 ms)이다. 남은 큰 틈은 matmul의 안쪽 회차마다의 해석(루프마다 미리 짠 프로그램의 일)과 BFS의 후보
+꼬리(5단계)이고, 어느 쪽으로 갈지는 사용자의 몫이다). [024](024-batch-executor.md)가 처음에 적고 만들지 않은 단계("묶음 프로그램은 루프마다 한 번
 만든다")이고, [132](../research/132-batch-executor-floor-and-the-way-past.md)의 A, [133](../research/133-register-tiles-measured.md)이
 정한 길이다. 사용자의 방향: 범용 장치로, 합친 연산의 표 없이, 기계어 없이, 메모리를 적게(2026-10-05, 2026-10-08).
 
diff --git a/docs/research/137-batch-executor-stage-four.md b/docs/research/137-batch-executor-stage-four.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b391ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/research/137-batch-executor-stage-four.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# 137 — 묶음 실행기 4단계: 열을 제자리에서 읽고, 비교가 레인을 센다
+
+2026-10-08. [025](../design/025-batch-programs.md)의 4단계다. knapsack의 훑기 여섯 가운데 둘(열을 레인 배열로 옮기기 둘)과 하나(가르기의
+세기)를 없앴다. 코드는 `d740ff3`(열 보기)와 `43854e9`(비교가 1을 센다)이고, 같은 방법으로 쟀다(`b15`, `b16`; 번갈아 다섯 번씩, b9와
+세 번씩; 명령 수).
+
+## 쉬운 말로
+
+- **막대를 넘었다.** knapsack은 10.07에서 8.25 ms다(막대 ≤ 8.6). b9의 11.46에서 −28%이고, 기계어(7.9)의 1.04배다.
+- **남은 차는 커널이 아니라 묶음마다다.** 지금 knapsack 8.25 ms는 대략 커널 약 4 ms(더하기 1.7, 비교 1.7, 가린 쓰기 0.55), 묶음마다
+  약 3 ms(0.6 µs × 4,886), 표 만들기 약 1 ms다. 더하기와 비교는 레인당 약 0.8 사이클씩이다. 둘을 한 루프로 합치면 같은 열을 두 번
+  읽지 않겠지만, 이 설계는 합친 연산을 두지 않는다(133). 기계어에 닿거나 넘으려면 묶음마다의 해석(135가 이 꼴의 바닥이라 한 것)을
+  줄여야 하고, 그것은 루프마다 미리 짠 프로그램의 일이다.
+- **다른 일은 그대로다.** 명령 수로 roots, join, BFS, matmul이 같다. matmul 25.84 → 26.27(+1.7%), sort 57.0 → 58.8(+3.2%), words
+  215.3 → 219.0(+1.8%)은 명령이 같거나 이 단계가 닿지 않는 일이라 놓인 자리다.
+
+## 만든 것
+
+- **열 보기**(`cells_at`). 아핀 행이 메모리의 차례(보폭 1; 거꾸로 가는 루프는 레인을 거꾸로 매겨 그렇게 된다)이고 열이 4바이트나 8바이트면,
+  읽기는 복사하지 않고 열 자체를 레인으로 가리킨다(`view`, `temp` 아님). `pass` 동안 리스트는 바뀌지 않으므로(136의 grep) 보기는 그 동안
+  맞다. 연산은 피연산자의 레인에 쓰지 않는다(grep: 레인을 읽는 곳은 모두 `const`, 쓰기는 모두 새 버퍼). `pass`를 넘어 남는 것 여섯(지역
+  변수, 미룬 쓰기의 행과 값, 덧붙이기의 칸, 칸에 더하기의 행과 e, 걸러내기의 키, 읽기의 기록)은 보기를 복사한다(`own`). 묶음 끝의 쓰기가
+  열을 바꾸거나 넓히기(`widen`은 열을 다시 잡는다) 때문이다.
+  - 고정 소스 `VIEW_SOURCE`를 더했다: 지역 변수가 묶음이 쓰는 필드를 쥔 채(마지막 값을 쓰기 뒤에 되씀), 같은 열의 세 행 너머를 읽는
+    쓰기를 읽는 것을 덮어쓰는 차례로, 보기를 쥔 채 열을 8바이트로 넓히는 쓰기. 복사를 빼면 같은 메시지에서 답이 달라지고, sanitized
+    `pure-run`이 `memcpy`의 겹침을 잡는다. 복사가 있으면 세 길이 같고 sanitized도 깨끗하다.
+  - knapsack 명령 −4.0%, 사이클 −7.0%, 10.09 → 8.95 ms(셈 약 1.1 ms와 같다).
+- **비교가 레인을 센다**(`TEST`, `ones`). 4바이트 비교가 1을 같은 루프에서 세고(벡터 덧셈 하나, 레인 넷에 명령 8개), 값이 그 수를
+  가진다. 모든 레인이 도는 가르기는 다시 세지 않는다. 레인을 그대로 두고 레인 수가 다른 공간으로 넘기는 길은 없다(`gather`, `expand`,
+  `outer_*`는 레인 값이면 늘 새 값을 만든다). knapsack 명령 −3.1%, 사이클 −4.5%, 8.96 → 8.25 ms.
+
+## 잰 것
+
+| 일 | b9 | b14 (3단계 끝) | b15 (보기) | b16 (세기) | 기계어 | C |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
+| knapsack | 11.46 ms | 10.09 | 8.96 | **8.25** | 7.9 | 6.25 |
+| matmul | 39.99 | 25.98 | 25.84 | 26.27 | 14.2 | 7.6 |
+| roots | 8.97 | 8.29 | 8.31 | 8.28 | 9.57 | 6.86 |
+| join | 117.5 | 115.9 | 116.5 | 116.2 | 84.6 | 31.7 |
+| BFS | 24.18 | 24.15 | 24.08 | 24.06 | 7.7 | 9.9 |
+
+- 명령(b9 → b16, 묶음 길): knapsack −12.2%, matmul −25.5%, roots −7.4%, join −1.3%, BFS −0.2%. 실행기만의 길은 다섯 일 모두 같다.
+- join의 실행기만의 길은 빌드마다 같은 명령에서 사이클이 ±10% 오간다(136의 +11%, 이번 b15의 −9%). 그 길의 잣대는 명령 수다.
+
+원본: `041-batches/2026-10-08-pairs.jsonl`, `2026-10-08-counts.jsonl`.
+
+## 뜻과 맞음
+
+- 커밋마다 시드 1, 2, 3, 5, 23의 무작위 프로그램(기본과 `PURE_SELECT=all`), 고정 소스의 세 길(두 모드; 보기는 sanitized로도), 단위
+  시험이 지났다.
+- 단계의 끝(`43854e9`)에서 단위 시험 세 모드, ASan 단위 시험(기본과 실행기 모드), sanitized `pure-run`의 고정 소스(두 모드, `VIEW_SOURCE`
+  포함)와 시드 23의 프로그램(두 모드), aup의 검사 두 모드가 지났다. Pure의 `make check`는 처음에 `server_view_workers`가 모듈을 바꾼 뒤의
+  흐름을 10초 기다리다 멈췄다(기억해 둔 시간 검사의 흔들림). 홀로 세 번 돌려 세 번 지났고, 다시 돈 전체 `make check`가 지났다.
+- 은행 질의의 명령 수는 b9와 ±0.1% 안이다. TPC-C(번갈아 여섯 번)는 b9 117.4만 대 지금 117.0만 신규 주문/분(−0.3%)이다.
+
+## 스위트의 자리와 남은 두 틈
+
+4단계 뒤의 묶음 실행기(기계어 없이)와 기계어: knapsack 8.25 대 7.9(1.04배), matmul 26.3 대 14.2(1.85배), roots 8.28 대 9.57(기계어보다
+빠름), join 116 대 85(1.37배), BFS 24.1 대 7.7(3.1배). 큰 틈은 둘이다.
+
+1. **matmul의 안쪽 회차마다의 해석(약 14 ms).** 몸체를 회차마다 명령 하나씩 해석하는 값이고, 135가 이 해석기 꼴의 바닥이라 한 것이다.
+   줄이려면 루프마다 미리 짠 프로그램(값의 꼴, 리스트의 사실, 의존 검사를 다 미리 정한 것)이 있어야 한다. 다른 값과 위험이다.
+2. **BFS의 후보 꼬리(132의 E).** 걸러내기 뒤 후보 하나에 약 250 명령(간선당 26)이다. 리스트 쪽에서 폭 검사를 한 번에, 비트와 칸을
+   함께 하면 줄어든다. 5단계이고 다른 단계와 독립이다.
+
+어느 쪽으로 갈지(그리고 기계어를 걷어낼지)는 사용자의 몫이다(131).
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-counts-s16.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-counts-s16.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03e3b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-counts-s16.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"serve": "pure-serve", "per_branch": {"instructions": 27206437, "cycles": 12193908}, "in_credit": {"instructions": 3539491, "cycles": 1590320}, "large": {"instructions": 1419171, "cycles": 620624}, "ranks": {"instructions": 24538485, "cycles": 14924796}, "none": {"instructions": 615600, "cycles": 194460}, "field": {"instructions": 9007132, "cycles": 3290082}, "found": {"instructions": 14138875, "cycles": 10513744}}
+{"serve": "pure-serve", "per_branch": {"instructions": 27174503, "cycles": 12152935}, "in_credit": {"instructions": 3532203, "cycles": 1643873}, "large": {"instructions": 1419155, "cycles": 615898}, "ranks": {"instructions": 24519864, "cycles": 15205679}, "none": {"instructions": 615600, "cycles": 194254}, "field": {"instructions": 9007132, "cycles": 3275460}, "found": {"instructions": 14139691, "cycles": 10954635}}
+{"serve": "pure-serve", "per_branch": {"instructions": 27142081, "cycles": 12144302}, "in_credit": {"instructions": 3524900, "cycles": 1623796}, "large": {"instructions": 1419123, "cycles": 616959}, "ranks": {"instructions": 24501599, "cycles": 14658870}, "none": {"instructions": 615600, "cycles": 193689}, "field": {"instructions": 9007132, "cycles": 3284131}, "found": {"instructions": 14139267, "cycles": 10851692}}
+{"serve": "pure-serve", "per_branch": {"instructions": 27206145, "cycles": 11999425}, "in_credit": {"instructions": 3539418, "cycles": 1785262}, "large": {"instructions": 1419099, "cycles": 611238}, "ranks": {"instructions": 24538778, "cycles": 15150304}, "none": {"instructions": 615600, "cycles": 194966}, "field": {"instructions": 9007132, "cycles": 3261606}, "found": {"instructions": 14138083, "cycles": 10692158}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-load.txt b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-load.txt
index e17ec65..7ae2dad 100644
--- a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-load.txt
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-load.txt
@@ -10,3 +10,15 @@
 5 s14  16:37:01 up 4 days, 12:58,  2 users,  load average: 1.46, 1.64, 1.46
 6 s14  16:38:48 up 4 days, 13:00,  2 users,  load average: 1.33, 1.67, 1.50
 6 s9  16:40:15 up 4 days, 13:01,  2 users,  load average: 1.37, 1.65, 1.51
+7 s9  17:28:17 up 4 days, 13:49,  2 users,  load average: 1.46, 1.33, 1.24
+7 s16  17:30:04 up 4 days, 13:51,  2 users,  load average: 1.41, 1.45, 1.30
+8 s16  17:31:50 up 4 days, 13:53,  2 users,  load average: 1.28, 1.50, 1.34
+8 s9  17:33:17 up 4 days, 13:54,  2 users,  load average: 1.36, 1.53, 1.36
+9 s9  17:34:44 up 4 days, 13:56,  2 users,  load average: 1.38, 1.54, 1.38
+9 s16  17:36:21 up 4 days, 13:57,  2 users,  load average: 1.36, 1.59, 1.42
+10 s16  17:37:58 up 4 days, 13:59,  2 users,  load average: 1.32, 1.61, 1.45
+10 s9  17:39:35 up 4 days, 14:00,  2 users,  load average: 1.43, 1.67, 1.50
+11 s9  17:41:31 up 4 days, 14:02,  2 users,  load average: 1.28, 1.70, 1.54
+11 s16  17:42:58 up 4 days, 14:04,  2 users,  load average: 1.29, 1.64, 1.53
+12 s16  17:44:35 up 4 days, 14:05,  2 users,  load average: 1.31, 1.65, 1.55
+12 s9  17:46:13 up 4 days, 14:07,  2 users,  load average: 1.32, 1.67, 1.57
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-10.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-10.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aae710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-10.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.34, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.27, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.06, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 44.83, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.01, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 13.92}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.86, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.81, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.91, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.88, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.38, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.35, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.82, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.74, "sqlite_median_ms": 2841.82, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2838.35, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.54, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.52}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-11.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-11.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b215d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-11.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.28, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.19, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.34, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.2, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.08, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.03}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.84, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.8, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.91, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.88, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.38, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.36, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 7.06, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.66, "sqlite_median_ms": 2843.39, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2836.98, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.55, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.51}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-12.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-12.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a3ce77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-12.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.28, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.18, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.5, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.27, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.15, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.06}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 1.19, "pure_fastest_ms": 1.04, "sqlite_median_ms": 6.29, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 6.26, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 1.06, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.7, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.87, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.51, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 8.2, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.77, "sqlite_median_ms": 2883.56, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2837.2, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.61, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.52}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-7.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-7.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e90f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-7.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.3, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.2, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.29, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.12, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.03, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 13.98}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.82, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.78, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.9, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.9, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.41, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.36, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.5, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.48}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.76, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.69, "sqlite_median_ms": 2845.34, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2837.97, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.59, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.53}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-8.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-8.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d86f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-8.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.25, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.19, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.45, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.14, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.11, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.08}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.83, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.79, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.9, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.87, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.39, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.35, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.75, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.68, "sqlite_median_ms": 2841.25, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2837.71, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.63, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.55}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-9.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-9.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d856aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s16-9.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.24, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.14, "sqlite_median_ms": 44.93, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 44.8, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.02, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 13.97}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.83, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.81, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.91, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.86, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.4, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.37, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.48}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.79, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.68, "sqlite_median_ms": 2843.9, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2841.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.59, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.51}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-10.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-10.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f540655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-10.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.22, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.16, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.33, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.25, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.14, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.11}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.83, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.79, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.91, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.88, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.36, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.34, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.69, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.65, "sqlite_median_ms": 2842.19, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2838.4, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.58, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.52}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-11.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-11.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec6e5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-11.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.23, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.16, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.27, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.09, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.07, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.05}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.8, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.77, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.91, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.87, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.37, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.35, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.67, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.61, "sqlite_median_ms": 2841.8, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2836.15, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.66, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.54}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-12.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-12.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be9690b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-12.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.22, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.16, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.32, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.07, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.12, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.04}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.83, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.79, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.89, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.87, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.41, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.37, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.72, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.64, "sqlite_median_ms": 2843.24, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2836.92, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.57, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.52}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-7.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-7.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c85c42f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-7.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.19, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.14, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.4, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 45.24, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.06, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.04}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.83, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.78, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.9, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.88, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.37, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.35, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.65, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.56, "sqlite_median_ms": 2845.91, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2839.83, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.6, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.5}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-8.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-8.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28edd99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-8.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.3, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.18, "sqlite_median_ms": 45.15, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 44.88, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.03, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 14.02}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.85, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.8, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.92, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.88, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.39, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.37, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.71, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.63, "sqlite_median_ms": 2843.61, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2837.04, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.53, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.5}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-9.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-9.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d1cc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-queries-s9-9.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"query": "per_branch", "rows": 10, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 5.5, "pure_fastest_ms": 5.21, "sqlite_median_ms": 44.93, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 44.8, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 14.02, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 13.97}
+{"query": "in_credit", "rows": 1, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.82, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.79, "sqlite_median_ms": 5.88, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 5.86, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 0.16, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 0.16}
+{"query": "large", "rows": 212, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 0.38, "pure_fastest_ms": 0.35, "sqlite_median_ms": 1.49, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 1.47, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 1.48, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 1.47}
+{"query": "ranks", "rows": 404, "accounts": 100000, "pure_median_ms": 6.77, "pure_fastest_ms": 6.72, "sqlite_median_ms": 2840.89, "sqlite_fastest_ms": 2838.34, "sqlite_indexed_median_ms": 7.58, "sqlite_indexed_fastest_ms": 7.51}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-10.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-10.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37d622d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-10.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.56, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.57, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43700, "new_orders_per_minute": 1169271, "undone_new_orders": 3735, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 393493, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "payment": {"done": 375662, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "order_status": {"done": 35030, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1472}, "delivery": {"done": 34984, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "stock_level": {"done": 34839, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1600}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.6, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 460.9, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 460.9, "pure_state_mib": 232.8, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27177, "burst_events": 800477, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-11.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-11.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0b2227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-11.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.56, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.55, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43732, "new_orders_per_minute": 1170025, "undone_new_orders": 3743, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 393752, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "payment": {"done": 375942, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "order_status": {"done": 35080, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1472}, "delivery": {"done": 35007, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3968}, "stock_level": {"done": 34863, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1600}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.6, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 461.1, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 461.1, "pure_state_mib": 232.9, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27530, "burst_events": 801043, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-12.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-12.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d7e195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-12.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.56, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.59, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43736, "new_orders_per_minute": 1170461, "undone_new_orders": 3752, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 393908, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3968}, "payment": {"done": 375877, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3968}, "order_status": {"done": 35067, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1472}, "delivery": {"done": 35018, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3968}, "stock_level": {"done": 34849, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1536}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.8, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 461.6, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 461.6, "pure_state_mib": 233.0, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27228, "burst_events": 801126, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-7.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-7.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d75263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-7.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.56, "pure_load_s": 0.64, "sqlite_load_s": 1.56, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43466, "new_orders_per_minute": 1163095, "undone_new_orders": 3715, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 391414, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1472, "p99_us": 3968}, "payment": {"done": 373599, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "order_status": {"done": 34869, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1472}, "delivery": {"done": 34796, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "stock_level": {"done": 34638, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1664}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.8, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 459.1, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 459.2, "pure_state_mib": 231.6, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27164, "burst_events": 796179, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-8.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-8.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2ca2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-8.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.56, "pure_load_s": 0.66, "sqlite_load_s": 1.55, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43823, "new_orders_per_minute": 1172345, "undone_new_orders": 3758, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 394541, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "payment": {"done": 376720, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "order_status": {"done": 35137, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1600}, "delivery": {"done": 35126, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "stock_level": {"done": 34936, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1600}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.9, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 462.6, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 462.6, "pure_state_mib": 233.3, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27411, "burst_events": 802712, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-9.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-9.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..766563b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s16-9.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.59, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.56, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 44555, "new_orders_per_minute": 1192195, "undone_new_orders": 3824, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 401224, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "payment": {"done": 382951, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "order_status": {"done": 35736, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1344}, "delivery": {"done": 35669, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "stock_level": {"done": 35529, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1472}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.4, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.89, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 469.4, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 469.4, "pure_state_mib": 236.9, "pure_store_mib": 246.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 28140, "burst_events": 816097, "checkpoints": 40}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-10.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-10.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba6ab90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-10.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.56, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.55, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.3, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43443, "new_orders_per_minute": 1162169, "undone_new_orders": 3717, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 391107, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1472, "p99_us": 3840}, "payment": {"done": 373496, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "order_status": {"done": 34847, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 288, "p99_us": 1536}, "delivery": {"done": 34798, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "stock_level": {"done": 34615, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1600}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 45.5, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 458.6, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 458.6, "pure_state_mib": 231.5, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27421, "burst_events": 795770, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-11.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-11.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e917d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-11.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.57, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.55, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.2, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 43819, "new_orders_per_minute": 1172497, "undone_new_orders": 3754, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 394588, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "payment": {"done": 376631, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3840}, "order_status": {"done": 35152, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1408}, "delivery": {"done": 35082, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "stock_level": {"done": 34930, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1536}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.6, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.88, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 462.5, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 462.5, "pure_state_mib": 233.3, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27300, "burst_events": 802632, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-12.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-12.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bc222d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-12.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{"step": "load", "directory": "/dev/shm", "warehouses": 1, "rows": 568758, "generate_s": 0.6, "pure_load_s": 0.65, "sqlite_load_s": 1.56, "sqlite_page_size": 4096, "pure_resident_mib": 40.2, "sqlite_file_mib": 13.8}
+{"step": "run", "system": "pure", "warehouses": 1, "terminals": 64, "transactions_per_second": 44013, "new_orders_per_minute": 1177574, "undone_new_orders": 3780, "errors": 0, "new_order": {"done": 396316, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "payment": {"done": 378342, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3712}, "order_status": {"done": 35284, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 272, "p99_us": 1408}, "delivery": {"done": 35244, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 1408, "p99_us": 3584}, "stock_level": {"done": 35109, "failed": 0, "p50_us": 320, "p99_us": 1472}, "server_threads": "3", "cpu_us_per_transaction": 44.9, "core_shares": {"pure-owner": 0.89, "pure-checkpoint": 0.01}, "resident_mib": 464.0, "written_bytes_per_transaction": 0.0, "device_bytes_per_transaction": null, "consistency_failures": []}
+{"step": "end", "pure_resident_mib": 464.0, "pure_state_mib": 234.3, "pure_store_mib": 238.7, "sqlite_files_mib": 13.8, "grouped_sqlite_files_mib": 0.0, "pure_counts": {"bursts": 27563, "burst_events": 806205, "checkpoints": 39}}
diff --git a/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-7.jsonl b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-7.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c38301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/research/experiments/040-against-c/2026-10-08-tpcc-s9-7.jsonl
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64cbe9f
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new file mode 100644
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index 6770a54..5bb8e6b 100644
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index 36dd15a..cdf51f1 100644
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