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Two more shapers on the syllabic groundwork, from HarfBuzz 10.2's
source. Khmer reorders before any lookup: a coeng and Ro go before the
base, masked for pref, what follows them for cfar, a left matra goes
first; split matras decompose with U+17C1. Myanmar finds the base after
a kinzi, gives each glyph its place around it and sorts by place, and
zeroes mark advances before GPOS rather than after.
Noto Sans Khmer and Noto Sans Myanmar shape as HarfBuzz does at 20,000
runs a plan, and so do Unifont's Khmer and Myanmar (no GSUB).
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The Indic shaper, from HarfBuzz 10.2's source: syllables found by the
Indic machine; each syllable's base consonant, its pre-base matras and
reph moved around it and masked for the basic features, applied one at
a time within the syllable; then matras, reph and pre-base-reordering
consonants placed again by what the features made. Vowel constraints,
Indic decompositions and compositions, dotted circles for broken
syllables, and per-syllable matching come with it.
Plans carry GSUB pauses (steps where the shaper does its part) and the
stages of the features the shaper asks whether they would substitute;
the runtime answers with each subtable's would_apply, as HarfBuzz does.
Masks are now the common ones and each shaper's own.
text/syllabic.py reads HarfBuzz's Ragel grammars (Indic, Khmer,
Myanmar) and compiles each to a minimal DFA with Ragel's scanner
semantics; beside the machines Ragel generated from the same grammars,
100,000 random runs each find no syllable that differs. It also reads
HarfBuzz's Indic table (Unicode 16) cell for cell.
Every installed font shapes as HarfBuzz does (213 fonts, 1,688 plans);
the Indic ones at 20,000 runs a plan (FreeSerif's eight scripts,
FreeSans, Unifont's nine without GSUB), and nine new-spec Noto Sans
fonts at 5,000.
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HarfBuzz reorders marks by a modified combining class; for U+0C55 and
U+0C56 (canonical classes 84 and 91) it is 4 and 5, so they sort before
the virama. Vega had 0, which rustybuzz 0.20 uses; HarfBuzz 10.2's
hb-unicode.hh says otherwise, and Unifont's Telugu showed it.
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HarfBuzz does
The planner now picks who positions as HarfBuzz 10.2 does: GPOS, the old
kern table when GPOS has no kern feature, and marks placed by combining
class and ink boxes when there is no GPOS; the Hangul shaper composes
syllables the font has whole, takes apart those it lacks into jamo for
ljmo, vjmo and tjmo, and moves tone marks before their syllable.
The section grows to an 80-byte header (the kern table, and each glyph's
ink box when a plan places marks without GPOS) and 88-byte plans (the
kern mask, the jamo masks). Kern tables are applied pair subtable by
pair subtable with HarfBuzz's own binary search; state machines, class
subtables and cross-stream kerning, which no installed font has, are
refused. The check spells Hangul syllables every way text does.
Every installed font Vega accepts shapes as HarfBuzz does (209 fonts,
1,520 plans, a thousand runs each), and the fonts refused before at
20,000 runs a plan: Noto Sans CJK KR and Baekmuk for Hangul, IPA Gothic
and Noto Mono for marks without GPOS, FreeSans, FreeSerif, Liberation
and DejaVu Sans ExtraLight for kern tables, Unifont's Latin, Greek,
Cyrillic, Hebrew and Hangul.
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HarfBuzz's Hebrew presentation forms join U+05F2 and patah into U+FB1F;
Vega had U+05D9 there. Only fonts without a GPOS mark feature take the
rule, so no font Vega accepted showed it; Unifont's Hebrew did.
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The build tool compiles a font's shaping plans the way HarfBuzz's planner
does (features, stages, masks, lookups per script and direction) and
carries them with the font's character map, advances and GDEF, GSUB and
GPOS tables in a section of the symbol file (VEGASYM4); glyphs shaping
reaches become symbols of their own. A small engine ports HarfBuzz 10's
default, Arabic and Hebrew shaping step for step and reads the tables in
place, every read bounds-checked. The build refuses a file whose shaping
differs from HarfBuzz's on random runs: DejaVu Sans agrees on 600,000
runs in six scripts both ways, and every installed font the tool accepts
agrees too, at 1.05-1.18 times HarfBuzz's time.
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