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The shaping section's character map came from hb_face_collect_unicodes.
HarfBuzz's own suite showed where that list and its mapping part: it cuts
a format 13 map short (AdobeBlank2's whole Unicode to one glyph), and a
symbol map (3,0) it searches through the private use area, Latin and, in an
old Arabic font, Arabic too. Now every code point is asked with
hb_font_get_nominal_glyph (about 30 ms a font) and the map carried as
groups: codes going to consecutive glyphs, or all to one (12 bytes each,
so a format 13 map stays small).
HarfBuzz's suite: 5011 of 5199 cases the same (1355 before). The installed
fonts (213) and the Noto ones (21) still shape as HarfBuzz does on random
runs.
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vega_draw keeps what it wrote as spans (VegaSpan: a row, the columns it
was given, where its cells reached, its text and tone). A span written
where the same pen stopped follows the one before it (a field's name and
value, the help line, the prompt); one written after the pen moved (a
table's column, a list's label, a badge) starts afresh at its column, and
a badge sits flush with its end.
When the first font shapes, the pixels set type: a span and those
following it are one line of text, laid out as one paragraph in the font
stack (bidi and kerning cross the spans; each glyph takes the tone of the
span its character came from), from its column up to the nearest of its
spans' ends and the next span on the row, cut at a grapheme cluster
boundary with an ellipsis if it must be. The prompt gets a text cursor.
--symbols repeats: fonts in order of preference (at most 8); the cells,
when the first font does not shape, also fall back through them.
The check sets a label in one script, alone in its list, and holds it to
what the font that has it sets by itself (vega-symbols paragraph, which
now sizes itself to its text with width 0), pixel for pixel: Latin
kerning, Hangul, Arabic and Devanagari over DejaVu Sans, Noto Sans CJK KR
and FreeSans.
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vega_layout takes fonts in order of preference (VegaFonts). A grapheme
cluster goes to the first font that has all its characters (default
ignorables aside: shaping hides them); a cluster of Common and Inherited
characters stays in the font before it when that one has it, so the spaces
between Arabic words stay in the Arabic font; failing that, the first font
with its first character, else the first font. Runs split where the font
changes too. Positions are in the first font's units, a run's pen scaled
as a whole so rounding does not add up. Callers can narrow what a font
has (a symbol file holds only the glyphs its codes reach).
vega_default_ignorable is shape.c's HarfBuzz 10.2 set, now public.
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The rest of HarfBuzz 10.2's Arabic shaper. Joining types now come from
HarfBuzz's own table (Unicode 16, with Syriac's Alaph and Dalath-Rish
groups the state machine's last two columns use), the general category
deciding where it has none, so Syriac shapes with fin2, fin3 and med2.
What stch multiplies is recorded and, after positioning, stretched under
the word before it, repeating pieces copied as often as fit. A font with
presentation forms but no Arabic features gets HarfBuzz's fallback
lookups, which the build tool writes as OpenType and the runtime applies
at their pause like any GSUB lookup.
The generator now reads HarfBuzz's generated tables through their lookup
functions' ranges and offsets: rows whose range starts mid-row have
blank cells in front, which the row comments alone miscounted (Arabic
Supplement); the Indic table, read again this way, did not change.
Noto Sans Syriac, FreeSans's Syriac, Unifont's Arabic and Noto Sans
Arabic shape as HarfBuzz does at 3,000 runs a plan; no installed font
is refused any more (213 fonts, 1,822 plans).
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The Thai shaper, from HarfBuzz 10.2's source: SARA AM comes apart into
NIKHAHIT and SARA AA, the NIKHAHIT moving back over the above-base marks
(and counting as a mark when advances are zeroed). A font with no Thai
script of its own (only DFLT or latn in GSUB) gets its marks shifted to
its private-use glyphs, Windows' before the Mac's, as the stacking
around the base asks; the planner records, as HarfBuzz's does, whether
the font had the script under its own tag.
Noto Sans Thai and Lao, TLWG Loma, FreeSerif's Thai, DejaVu Sans's Lao
and Unifont shape as HarfBuzz does at 3,000 runs a plan, and Loma with
its thai script taken out (so the private-use path runs) at 5,000.
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The USE shaper, from HarfBuzz 10.2's source, for Sinhala, Tibetan,
Javanese, Balinese, Mongolian and the rest of its eighty-odd scripts
(and Indic fonts with the new dev3-style tags). The syllable machine
reads past CGJs and ZWNJs that marks follow; rphf goes on each
syllable's first glyphs and records the repha it made, pref records its
pre-base glyph, with substitution marks cleared between; a repha moves
before the first post-base glyph and pre-base vowels move back. Scripts
that join like Arabic take Arabic's forms (Mongolian's free variation
selectors their base's), the others join syllable to syllable. Marks
lose their advances before GPOS.
text/syllabic.py carries HarfBuzz's compressed USE table over as it is,
compiles the USE grammar with the others (100,000 random runs against
Ragel's machine: no syllable differs), and checks at compile time that
the categories syllabic.h names are the machines' own.
Noto Sans Sinhala, Javanese, Balinese, Mongolian, Noto Serif Tibetan,
FreeSerif's Sinhala and Unifont's five shape as HarfBuzz does at 5,000
runs a plan; all installed fonts (1,748 plans) and 21 Noto fonts too.
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Two more shapers on the syllabic groundwork, from HarfBuzz 10.2's
source. Khmer reorders before any lookup: a coeng and Ro go before the
base, masked for pref, what follows them for cfar, a left matra goes
first; split matras decompose with U+17C1. Myanmar finds the base after
a kinzi, gives each glyph its place around it and sorts by place, and
zeroes mark advances before GPOS rather than after.
Noto Sans Khmer and Noto Sans Myanmar shape as HarfBuzz does at 20,000
runs a plan, and so do Unifont's Khmer and Myanmar (no GSUB).
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The Indic shaper, from HarfBuzz 10.2's source: syllables found by the
Indic machine; each syllable's base consonant, its pre-base matras and
reph moved around it and masked for the basic features, applied one at
a time within the syllable; then matras, reph and pre-base-reordering
consonants placed again by what the features made. Vowel constraints,
Indic decompositions and compositions, dotted circles for broken
syllables, and per-syllable matching come with it.
Plans carry GSUB pauses (steps where the shaper does its part) and the
stages of the features the shaper asks whether they would substitute;
the runtime answers with each subtable's would_apply, as HarfBuzz does.
Masks are now the common ones and each shaper's own.
text/syllabic.py reads HarfBuzz's Ragel grammars (Indic, Khmer,
Myanmar) and compiles each to a minimal DFA with Ragel's scanner
semantics; beside the machines Ragel generated from the same grammars,
100,000 random runs each find no syllable that differs. It also reads
HarfBuzz's Indic table (Unicode 16) cell for cell.
Every installed font shapes as HarfBuzz does (213 fonts, 1,688 plans);
the Indic ones at 20,000 runs a plan (FreeSerif's eight scripts,
FreeSans, Unifont's nine without GSUB), and nine new-spec Noto Sans
fonts at 5,000.
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HarfBuzz does
The planner now picks who positions as HarfBuzz 10.2 does: GPOS, the old
kern table when GPOS has no kern feature, and marks placed by combining
class and ink boxes when there is no GPOS; the Hangul shaper composes
syllables the font has whole, takes apart those it lacks into jamo for
ljmo, vjmo and tjmo, and moves tone marks before their syllable.
The section grows to an 80-byte header (the kern table, and each glyph's
ink box when a plan places marks without GPOS) and 88-byte plans (the
kern mask, the jamo masks). Kern tables are applied pair subtable by
pair subtable with HarfBuzz's own binary search; state machines, class
subtables and cross-stream kerning, which no installed font has, are
refused. The check spells Hangul syllables every way text does.
Every installed font Vega accepts shapes as HarfBuzz does (209 fonts,
1,520 plans, a thousand runs each), and the fonts refused before at
20,000 runs a plan: Noto Sans CJK KR and Baekmuk for Hangul, IPA Gothic
and Noto Mono for marks without GPOS, FreeSans, FreeSerif, Liberation
and DejaVu Sans ExtraLight for kern tables, Unifont's Latin, Greek,
Cyrillic, Hebrew and Hangul.
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vega display --access joins the accessibility bus as AT-SPI2 objects for
screen readers such as Orca, with no toolkit, ATK or libdbus: dbus.c
speaks the D-Bus wire format (EXTERNAL authentication, headers, aligned
bodies, calls, replies, signals). The tree follows what the say surface
says: a heading, a label per field, a list box per list whose items know
their place and which is selected and focused, tables, the entry, the
keys as buttons; answers come from the app when asked, one object has the
focus, and focus moves are said as events. Assistive technology can act
too: Selection focuses a row, Action presses a key. The live loop now
draws only when something changed, so a screen reader's questions no
longer cost frames. The check walks the tree with gdbus on a private
session bus with at-spi-bus-launcher, and follows the focus through keys,
Selection, Action and the events.
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Chromium's accessibility tree
Lists are listboxes that keep the keyboard focus, the focused row their
active descendant, each option with its place in the whole list though
only the visible rows are drawn; tables are grids with row indices;
tones other than normal and muted are said, not only coloured; keys are
named buttons. The page now updates in place instead of rebuilding each
list, so the focus a screen reader follows survives every redraw. The
browser test reads Chromium's accessibility tree: roles, names, focus,
selection and the active descendant moving within the same list.
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order
text/layout.c puts the checked parts together: a paragraph's levels,
scripts resolved for Common and Inherited characters, break
opportunities, one shaping to measure, lines broken at the last
opportunity that fits (trailing spaces hang, and a line that shapes
wider than measured backs off), then per line L1, runs of one level and
one script shaped again, the runs in L2's order and their glyphs placed.
test-layout checks 30,000 random mixed-script paragraphs: lines cover
the text, mandatory breaks end lines, lines fit when they can, and
glyphs come in the order UAX #9 gives the characters. vega-symbols
paragraph draws a layout through the symbol file's glyphs.
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UAX #14 line breaking (LB1-LB31, numbers tailored as Unicode's tests
are) and UAX #29's grapheme cluster, word and sentence boundaries, each
from generated property tables, the rules taken in order, in linear time.
They pass all of Unicode 15.1's LineBreakTest (10,274 cases),
GraphemeBreakTest (1,187), WordBreakTest (1,826) and SentenceBreakTest
(512).
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The build tool compiles a font's shaping plans the way HarfBuzz's planner
does (features, stages, masks, lookups per script and direction) and
carries them with the font's character map, advances and GDEF, GSUB and
GPOS tables in a section of the symbol file (VEGASYM4); glyphs shaping
reaches become symbols of their own. A small engine ports HarfBuzz 10's
default, Arabic and Hebrew shaping step for step and reads the tables in
place, every read bounds-checked. The build refuses a file whose shaping
differs from HarfBuzz's on random runs: DejaVu Sans agrees on 600,000
runs in six scripts both ways, and every installed font the tool accepts
agrees too, at 1.05-1.18 times HarfBuzz's time.
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