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* Bound what an event or a view may run: a work budget (017)eunhhu2026-10-015-24/+239
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An event's run was bounded only by its lists: a walk or a fold is its block's length for each item, and a list holds up to 16 million. One event could hold the owner for seconds, one view a connection thread. pure_app_work(app, n) budgets one unit of work: an event, or one evaluation of a view, a cell or a table's filter. It is counted as written, as each part begins: a block's length, and a fold's or walk's block length for every item of its list (or slice), whatever the plan runs (lanes, a group or rank pass, a range). Nothing is counted inside the interpreter's loop. Past the budget an event fails with the new fault work and changes nothing (PURE_LIMIT, so 422 work over HTTP); a view, a cell or a table's rows have no value and pure_app_view_fault says work, which pure-serve answers 422 work, for a whole table when a cell of it ran past. pure-serve --work N sets it (0: none). test-module counts exact amounts on the shop's walk, the tasks' fold view and a filtered table, and lane_folds now checks that a planned fold counts what the same fold run item by item counts (3,600 folds, every view, cell, filter and handler). server_work grows a list over HTTP until the walk, the table and the fold each pass a budget of 400.
* Give each store its own writer's turn and commit group (017)eunhhu2026-10-012-60/+139
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Threads of one process took turns as the tree store's writer for every store at once, through one mutex held for a whole session, syncs included, and commits grouped in one queue whose leader published each store's requests in turn. One store's slow sync held every other store's commit, so apps of one host would wait on each other's device. The turns and the group are now a store's, found by its directory's identity (two paths to one directory still share them, since the file lock arbitrates only between processes). The temporary files' sequence, which that mutex guarded, is atomic. A test holds a commit in its sync and commits to another store meanwhile, while a second commit to the held store, by another path, waits; before this change it hangs.
* Say how one host will run many apps, and what it must show (017)eunhhu2026-10-011-0/+128
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pure-serve runs one app a process: a module, a store, its own threads, port and key, scheduled by Linux. Within one process nothing bounds an event's run (it grows with its lists), the requests waiting for the owner, or one store's sync, which holds every other store's commit since the tree store has one writer's turn per process. 017 makes an app an execution domain (007): a host of many apps (--apps FILE, routes /APP/...) runs them by turns on a fixed number of worker threads, none per app; budgets per app in deterministic units (memory in stored bytes as before, work in instructions counted per block and per item visited, queue in requests: 422 work, 503 busy); writer turns per store; and an app that cannot start or whose save became uncertain stops alone. Stage 1 is all that; links, sends between apps and an app's lifetime come after. Before building: it goes in if an app B's p99 under app A's flood is within 1.5 times what two processes give, an app costs under a quarter of an idle process's own memory with no thread of its own, the pair's throughput is within 10% of two processes', and a one-app host keeps its speed (3% in time, 1% in instructions).
* Measure 07047c3 again on a quiet Pi (110)eunhhu2026-09-3026-3/+116
| | | | | | | | | | The six pairs rerun once the Pi had been quiet for a minute, on the same binaries. Two pairs were still interfered (the first's before at an owner share of 0.54, the sixth at 0.73 on both sides); the four clean ones are -1.7%, -0.4%, +1.8% and +1.1%, CPU per transaction 43.25 to 42.9 us. The bank's queries are as fast or faster after, though the interference fell more on the before runs; the instruction counts stay the comparison to trust.
* Say that i64 is in, and what it found (016)eunhhu2026-09-302-3/+28
| | | | | | | | | | | 016 is built: bool and i64. The second stage's findings: an integer literal takes the other side's type, found by compiling it on trial (linear once the wanted type is passed down); a literal with no context stays a number, so no program changes meaning and modules without i64 are the same bytes; one rule carries values between numbers, bools and i64s; and the number paths passed the timing criterion, with what i64 had added to them counted and halved (110). The checkpoint lists bool and i64 in the app model and drops i64 from what is left.
* Count instructions where timing cannot tell 3% apart (110)eunhhu2026-09-3063-0/+822
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 016's second stage passed its criterion: six interleaved pairs against ee21aec gave TPC-C (RAM, W=1) -0.6% at the median and the bank's queries 0.0% to +2.2%, no run interfered. The ranks query was slower all six times, and chasing it showed that on this Pi timing cannot separate 1-3%: two servers asked in turns disagree with themselves (ee21aec to e02bfc9 +1.6%, e02bfc9 to 481642f -1.2%, ee21aec to 481642f +2.8%), and a query whose instructions grew 0.6% ran 3.5% faster. Instructions do not move so: pcount.c counts the server's user-mode instructions with perf_event_open (no perf here), and psample.c samples where they go. ranks had grown 0.4% in instructions (the rest was where code and data landed), per_branch 3.6% and tables 20 instructions a row, which 07047c3 halved. The six pairs of 07047c3 were interfered (another session's build, load 4-12) and are kept apart, unused.
* Keep i64 off the number paths: lanes fold numbers, cells read as byteseunhhu2026-09-302-19/+35
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Counting user-mode instructions per query (bank, 100,000 accounts) against ee21aec found what i64 had added to the number paths, and an instruction sampler found where: - fold_in took a union and asked whether the fold was of i64s for every item, in the group and leaf-at-a-time passes too, where a fold of i64s never runs (it is never planned). Those passes now call fold_number, which takes a double; fold_in keeps the i64 branch for folds run item by item. per_branch: 27.83M instructions an ask back to 27.05M (26.72M before i64). - cell_at's third kind made it too big to inline into pure_list_get, so every item read became a call. A number's, bool's or integer's cell is 8 bytes read as they are (memcpy, so no aliasing rule is bent), one branch as before, and it inlines again. A table of 10,000 rows: 8.78M instructions an ask to 8.70M (8.58M before i64). Behaviour is unchanged; every check passes.
* Pin an i64's meaning on every path (015)eunhhu2026-09-302-49/+112
| | | | | | | | | server_meaning gives every value an i64 field, 13 values from 0 and -0 to both ends of the range and just inside them, in over JSON, rows and a query, over the link (where B takes id, a u32, as an i64) and HTTP, and out at all seven exits with every digit. 32 more refusals, each with its reason on JSON, a query and rows; an i64 view's text at both ends and an i64 argument that counts exactly and refuses the rest.
* Give i64 its own type in modules, lists, stores and the host (016 stage 2)eunhhu2026-09-3013-295/+912
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An i64 is an int64_t in a value's 8 bytes, its own stack type: CONST and NUM_TEXT take argument 2 for one, eleven opcodes are appended (ADD, SUB and MUL fail as overflow past its range, DIV and MOD floor and fail as divide by zero, NEG, COMPARE with a relation, MIN, MAX, and I64_FROM and NUM_FROM, which convert only where the value fits and else fail as limit), and moves (LOAD, STORE, locals, items, FIELD, SEND) copy it as they copy a number. Type codes: state 6, record field 3, message field 7 (8 bytes), view 4, local 3. v6 stays: all of it is added. - Folds with PURE_FOLD_INTEGER sum (overflow fails), keep the most or least of, or count the different i64s; distinct's set keeps an i64's -1 apart from its free mark. Blocks with an i64 run item by item. - A list's kinds are its stored header's (number, text, bytes, bool, integer): integer columns are int64_t, ordered as integers as keys (found without guide keys for now), stored in 8 bytes and logged as zigzag varints of any size. Records name their fields' type in one array (record_field_type) in place of text and bool flags. - A number, a bool and an i64 carry over each other by one rule, pure_cell_as, wherever one becomes another: a module replaced, a stored value or item read by another module, a waiting send recast. A u32 field delivers to an i64 one. - The host reads i64 fields from JSON, rows and queries as integer digits in range and nothing else, and shows every digit in views, tables, deliveries and pure-run. Faults are named by one function, pure_fault_name, in place of three tables; overflow is new. test-module: 28 arithmetic cases at the range's ends, relations, conversions both ways, 14 refusals, a keyed i64 list app (order, a sum that overflows, a failed add undone, messages and sends of 8 bytes, every digit as text), recasts, replacement between numbers, bools and i64s, and three stored runs against memory with restarts (46 images written).
* Let a value's 8 bytes hold a number or an integereunhhu2026-09-3010-223/+231
| | | | | | | | | Before i64 (016 stage 2): a state's value, a record field's default, a list cell's number, the interpreter's stack slot and an instruction's constant become unions of a double and an int64_t (PureValue, anonymous unions in PureCell, Slot and PureOp). LOAD and STORE, and a list cell made from the stack, copy the bits; everything else reads .num as before. No behaviour changes: every check passes as it did.
* Say how i64 will be built, and what it must not slow down (016)eunhhu2026-09-301-13/+58
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Before building i64: a value slot holds a number or an i64 in the same 8 bytes (the stack, states, list cells, locals, constants), moves copy the bits and only computing opcodes look at the type; eleven opcodes are appended (arithmetic that fails as overflow, floor division and modulo, compare, min, max, the two conversions), CONST and NUM_TEXT take argument 2, and type codes are added, so v6 stays. i64-keyed lists compare as integers without guide keys for now; folds over i64 run item by item. JSON and queries take plain integer digits in range; views, tables and deliveries show every digit. u32 widens to i64; i64, numbers and bools do not deliver to each other; replacing converts when the value fits. It is in when every check is green and the number paths keep their speed: bank queries and TPC-C (RAM) no more than 3% slower at the median of six interleaved pairs.
* Say that bool is in, and what its first stage found (016)eunhhu2026-09-302-2/+20
| | | | | | | 016's first stage is built and checked: no opcode was new, a stored send's bool was refused on the way back in (found by server_meaning's restart, fixed), -0 becomes false as 015 says zero has no sign, and True in JSON is no JSON at all. i64 is what is left of 016.
* Check a bool view's text and a bool argument over HTTPeunhhu2026-09-302-0/+11
| | | | | | | server_meaning's origin gains a bool view and a view with a bool argument: GET /views/any_ok answers true as text, with_ok?want=true and ?want=false count the kept values each way, and 1, True or nothing for the argument is 400 invalid.
* Pin a bool's meaning on every path (015)eunhhu2026-09-302-36/+84
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | server_meaning gives each of its 67 values a bool field, true or false: in as JSON, a query, a message's rows; over the link to B (taking it by name among reordered fields) and over HTTP to C; out through A's view and query, B's and C's views, a restart, a restart after a checkpoint and B with its module replaced. A bool must come out as true or false, never 1 or 0. Refused on every way in, with the reason checked: 1, 0, "true", null or an array as json_type, True as json (no JSON at all), a query's 1, 0, True, TRUE, "true " or nothing as query, a row's 1 as json_type: 52 refusals, 39 before. 015 says what a bool is at each boundary. This check found the stored outbox refusing bool fields (a node could not start again with a bool send waiting), fixed in the commit before.
* Give bools their own type in the module format (v6, 016 stage 1)eunhhu2026-09-3017-296/+750
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A condition was a number, non-zero being true: a flag was a number field, a view showed 1 for true, and nothing kept a number from standing for a bool or a bool from being added to. Now the verifier has a bool among its stack types, and a verified module never mixes the two. No opcode is new: - CONST with argument 1 is a bool (+0 or 1), NUM_TEXT with argument 1 writes one as true or false; LOAD and STORE take a number or a bool state, locals may hold a bool (2). - Comparisons (LT to NE, TEXT_COMPARE) and LIST_HAS give a bool; AND, OR and NOT take and give them; JZ, REQUIRE, filters and folds' tests take one (count and first leave a bool, sum, max, min and distinct a number and a bool); EQ and NE compare two bools too. - Type codes: state 5, record field 2, message field 6 (one byte in the prefix, 0 or 1, or the message fails as limit), view 3. A bool's constant, initial value and default are +0 or 1; a list is not keyed by one. PUREMOD6: v5 modules are built again. At run time a bool is a number's 0 or 1, so leaf-at-a-time folds run as before. A number that becomes a bool (a module replaced, a stored state or item read again, a waiting send recast) keeps 0 (either sign) and 1 and takes the default otherwise; a bool that becomes a number is 0 or 1. The host carries bools on every boundary: JSON true and false only (a row's field too), a query's true and false, true and false in views, table JSON and HTTP deliveries; a link takes a bool only into a bool. A stored outbox's field types were read back with a check that refused bool (at or past rows): a node whose output had a bool field and a send waiting could not start again. test-module now stores such a send and opens it (it fails on the old check), beside 28 bool refusals of the verifier and bool states, fields, views, sends, links and migration. The lane generator makes numbers and bools apart.
* Say what bool and i64 mean at every boundary, before building them (016)eunhhu2026-09-301-0/+74
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* Say what is left: the memory steps are done, finding items in large lists is noteunhhu2026-09-301-1/+2
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* Say what 109 inferred and what it did not measureeunhhu2026-09-301-1/+3
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* Say that prefetching items did not pay, and why (109)eunhhu2026-09-3018-0/+258
| | | | | | | | | Fetching a found item's cells, a leaf's keys and each level's keys ahead made finding and reading items 20% faster on 100,000 items in a micro benchmark, but TPC-C's clean pairs moved 1% at most and finding alone got 48% slower, so it is not in. The owner's finding samples were the descent, not the fields: a write right after a read copies the leaf whole anyway, and what costs is walking structures larger than the caches at random.
* Say what finding items should gain, before measuring it (109)eunhhu2026-09-301-0/+34
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* Say what the screen showed of a value, and what Vega now keeps from acting ↵eunhhu2026-09-302-3/+34
| | | | (015, 108)
* Say what a value means at each boundary, and what checking it found (015, 108)eunhhu2026-09-302-0/+115
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* Check that a value comes out the same on every path (108)eunhhu2026-09-301-1/+281
| | | | | | | | | | Values at the edges of what JSON, rows, a query and a plain body can say go in to one node, over a link to a second that takes them by name in another order and wider, and over HTTP to a third; each must come out the same from views, a query, an answer, a restart, a restart after a checkpoint and a replaced module: a number's bits (zero without its sign), a text's bytes. What must be refused is refused on every way in and leaves nothing behind.
* Decode a query's %XX for an input's fields, as for a view's argumentseunhhu2026-09-301-23/+26
| | | | | | | A view's arguments were decoded and an input's fixed fields were not, so a client that sends an exponent's + as %2B, as Python's urlencode and browsers do, had ?n=1e%2B21 refused. show_given's comment is back above show_given.
* Say what pinning a value across every boundary checks, before writing the ↵eunhhu2026-09-301-0/+37
| | | | check (108)
* Say TPC-C's RAM numbers since snapshot nodes are reusedeunhhu2026-09-303-6/+8
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* Say what snapshots cost the owner, and what reusing their nodes gave (107)eunhhu2026-09-3025-2/+400
| | | | | | | | | Most of it was the allocator: leaves past glibc's thread cache, freed by whichever thread let the last snapshot go. jemalloc was 11-14% faster at more memory; reusing the nodes in Pure gave a median +9.4% over six pairs, 4-8% less CPU a transaction in all six, and 1.97x the state bytes resident where it was 2.18x. TPC-C in RAM is now 4.0x a tuned SQLite at W=1 and 3.5x at W=4; finding items is the owner's largest part now.
* Find pure-serve's owner by its thread, and sort its samples as 106 doeseunhhu2026-09-301-45/+74
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* Let a list make its next nodes of those no snapshot reads any moreeunhhu2026-09-304-47/+150
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Each node a list copies once a snapshot shares it went, once the last snapshot that could read it was released, back to the system: a leaf of TPC-C's (1.3 KB) past glibc's thread cache, often freed by a connection thread into the owner's arena, while the owner allocated the next. That was 70% of what snapshots cost the owner. Now what no snapshot reads comes back to the app under the register's lock, and each snapshot the owner makes hands it to the lists of its size as spares, as many as each made lately; retired entries carry what the pass and the reuse ask of a node, so neither reads it again. TPC-C in RAM, W=1, 64 terminals: 10-14% more a second at 7% less CPU a transaction, resident 1.97x the state bytes where it was 2.18x (docs/research/107).
* Compare TPC-C on the SD card with SQLite committing in groups, not each ↵eunhhu2026-09-303-5/+11
| | | | | | | | transaction The 90x of 092 was against SQLite's defaults committing each transaction; tuned for the card and grouped as Pure groups, SQLite is 4-11x behind, the bytes it writes a transaction being the difference.
* Say what TPC-C costs when SQLite commits in groups too, and with four ↵eunhhu2026-09-3020-2/+547
| | | | | | | | | | | | | warehouses (106) SQLite tuned first, by the criteria committed before (and, beyond them, checkpoints each 40 MB of WAL, in its favour). On the SD card Pure stays 4.2-10.8x ahead at equal terminals, SQLite writing 8-18x the bytes a transaction; in RAM 3.2-3.5x. All tables equal at W=1 and W=4, and every run consistent. In RAM the one owner is the limit (0.94 of a core at W=4, no gain from 16 to 64 terminals), a third of its busy time copying nodes the snapshots share; checkpoints and memory are within their criteria.
* Read TPC-C's table dumps from Pure a page at a timeeunhhu2026-09-301-4/+10
| | | | | | | With four warehouses the order lines answered at once (about 140 MB of JSON) outgrew pure-serve's 64 MiB budget, and the check stopped with 503; a larger budget would have left the answer's memory in the resident size measured after.
* Checkpoint TPC-C's SQLite each 40 MB of WAL, as tuning on both devices choseeunhhu2026-09-301-6/+11
| | | | | | Its default, each 1,000 pages, is 1 MB of WAL with the 1 KiB pages the SD card favours: grouped commits there went from 203 to 694 a second, and in RAM a thread's p99 from 1.2 to 0.2 ms (docs/research/106).
* Say what the TPC-C comparison decides, before running it (106)eunhhu2026-09-301-0/+44
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* Let TPC-C's SQLite commit in groups as pure-serve does, and say what each ↵eunhhu2026-09-302-50/+276
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | run costs The terminals hand their writing transactions to one writer, which runs those waiting in one transaction, each in a savepoint, and commits them with one sync; reads stay on the terminals' connections, as pure-serve shows views from the last save. An undone New-Order is rolled back by its caller now (it rolled back the whole group before, and counted as failed after the split). Each run reports its CPU a transaction, the owner thread's share of a core, its memory, and the bytes a transaction had written, by the process and to the device. SQLite runs with its database mapped, a 64 MiB cache and savepoint journals in memory unless told otherwise.
* Name the owner's thread and the checkpoint's, so their CPU is seen aparteunhhu2026-09-301-0/+2
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* Say where the shared board now lives, and what is left (105)eunhhu2026-09-301-1/+9
| | | | | | | | | The board is Vega's examples/shared-board.aup, and Vega's shared_board check runs its two nodes: changes on either agree, and a partition healed agrees on the later change. Reading a named field list once a delivery would save part of 310 ns a record during upgrades alone: not worth an API. What review 004 asked that is left is 103's third item, broader performance comparisons under conditions stated first.
* Say that sends and applies now spread their fields (105)eunhhu2026-09-301-4/+8
| | | | | | | | | aup spreads an item or a message into a send or a record, and sets an item whole (c69682e): the board sends { ..at } and applies cards[k] = Card { ..remote }, and a new field is written in two places, the record and the output. v6 on both nodes, cut apart and joined again, agrees on the later change; its module is byte for byte the one with every field written.
* Say what laying a record out anew costs (014)eunhhu2026-09-302-2/+2
| | | | | | | A board record of five fields (38 B) sent with v3's output fields took 310 ns to lay out for v4's input, reading the field list each time. Only streams of another shape pay it, and only while nodes are upgraded one after the other: less than a delivery's own work.
* Say how growing a board two nodes share went (105)eunhhu2026-09-302-1/+120
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 103's next step: grow a real app, adding and reordering fields, cutting the connection, starting again, and write down what gets in the way. Two nodes share a board (from Vega's examples/board.aup), each sending its changes to the other, the later change winning. Upgrading them one after the other deadlocked: fixed by recasting waiting sends by name (9aa123e) and taking fields by name (014, 5ce7655), and under it a link that stopped for good when a refused stream's try was lost (baaf955). Now the older node's changes reach the newer one during the upgrade, the newer one's new field waits for the older, and the boards agree a second after. Fields in another order agree at once; a partition healed agrees on the later change; both nodes started again go on. Two rough edges eased on the way (the node's name, message like in aup); sends and applies are still written field by field. CHECKPOINT's row for links says so.
* Say a node's name when pure-serve startseunhhu2026-09-301-2/+7
| | | | | | | | | A node's sends are named NAME.OUTPUT, and a receiver's --sender must say that name. Without --name it is the module file's name without .pmod, which nothing said: two board nodes built from board2.aup sent as board2.changed and were refused by receivers expecting a.changed. The first line out now carries the name beside the port and the key, and the usage says where it comes from.
* Take a delivery's fields by name, dropping noneeunhhu2026-09-3011-47/+629
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A message from another node was taken only in its input's exact shape (the link's STREAM shape, fields and order alike; over HTTP, every field). So a board whose nodes are upgraded one after the other stopped both ways until both were, and an output and its input whose fields differ only in order were refused for good (docs/design/014). An input now takes a message when it has every field the sender sends, by name, of the same type or one that holds its values (a u32 in a number, text in bytes); a field only the input has is 0 or empty. One that sends a field the input lacks is refused: taking it would drop the value, and with its number heard the value would never come again (two boards apart for good). So add fields to receivers first and take them from senders first, and nothing stops or is lost. The link carries a sender's fields in a new frame, FIELDS (0x0d: names, shape, u8 count, each {type, name length, name}): after a REFUSED for another shape the sender puts it in its packets (after OFFER, before the records, so a receiver that knows no FIELDS reads what it read before) until the stream is taken, the first time at once. A receiver seeing another shape waits for the packet's FIELDS before refusing, and asks its host with them (PureLinkHost.input takes them); REFUSED says 4 when the input lacks a field. Deliveries carry the fields and the host lays each record out anew (pure_module_takes, pure_module_recast, pure_module_fields, over pure_send_recast's rule). A stream whose sender starts again in another shape lets go what it held; the sender sends it again laid out anew. A refusal already queued for a stream now says the last reason judged, not the first. Over HTTP a delivery (X-Pure-Source) may lack fields; an unknown member is still refused. test-link named: a stream of another shape naming its fields is taken, 200 stored in 47 ms with every delivery naming them; an input that does not take them refuses (4) and the sender backs off. check.py server_fields: five outputs, three linked and two over HTTP, fields in another order taken, an input with a field more taking messages without it, one lacking a field refusing until it starts again with it, then taking all. server_upgrade's new receiver declares its fields in another order. 012 names the frame and the rules.
* Balance the snapshot register's count, and free the runtime lists in ordereunhhu2026-09-303-7/+17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Under AddressSanitizer with leaks counted, the module checks lost 672 KB in 10,185 allocations. Two causes, both from the snapshot rework (d1e8f38): - A snapshot's register counted its snapshots with ++ under its spin, but a snapshot's last release took one off atomically outside it. A release on a reader's thread racing the owner's next snapshot could lose either change: the register then outlived every snapshot (the leak seen), or went while one still used it. The count is atomic now. - pure_app_stop handed what its lists let go to the newest snapshot (or freed it) and only then freed the outbox and the numbers heard, whose shared nodes and texts went to that hand-over's list again, for good. They are freed with the other lists now. make check builds the module checks a second time under AddressSanitizer and UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (build/test-module-sanitized, 25 s) and fails on a leak. Before d1e8f38 the same build stops at a heap-use-after-free in retire; now it is clean.
* Recast waiting sends by field name when an output's fields changeeunhhu2026-09-307-66/+616
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Review 004's F3 made a module refuse to start while sends waited on an output whose fields it had changed: their bytes would have meant something else. Safe, but it deadlocks a rolling upgrade. Growing a board shared by two nodes: one upgraded to a card with a new field refuses the other's old sends (another shape), and the other, its old sends waiting, cannot start the new module at all ("Cannot start the module on the store", saying nothing more). Waiting sends now move to the new fields by name, as a list's items do: a value goes over when the new type can hold it (u32 and number are numbers, bytes and text are bytes; a number that is not a u32, or bytes that are not UTF-8 for a text, cannot), the rest start at 0 or empty (pure_send_recast, with the payload layout load uses, pure_fields_lay_out). A start recasts them and a replace does into a new outbox. Their meaning must survive a crash between the recast and the save that names the new fields in the links. So the outbox's image now names the fields its sends were laid out with ("PLO1": the module's outputs after the save it holds), and is written again before any send is logged with other fields; a start reads those names over the links'. Checkpoints of the outbox name them too. A module without an output that sends wait on is still refused, now saying so in PureApp.why, which pure-serve prints ("sends wait on the output 'ordered', which this module does not have"); a failed start keeps it. test-module send_recast (widened, narrowed, UTF-8, a payload not laid out, there and back) and output_meaning (the swapped fields recast on a replace, read right after a restart that never saved, back again, sends logged after the image, the refusal and its reason). check.py server_upgrade: five sends wait on the old output, the sender starts with the new one, the old receiver refuses the new shape, the new one takes all eight.
* Try a refused stream again when its try is goneeunhhu2026-09-302-0/+69
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A sender whose stream the receiver refuses sends one packet of records a wait, and the refusal is over when that packet is acknowledged with no REFUSED. When the try itself went to no one (the receiver started again, as a node upgraded one after the other does, or the path lost it) nothing acknowledged it: the sender took its epoch for lost, began another, and then sent nothing more, still waiting on the try, with no record in flight to probe for. Two nodes of a shared board stayed apart for good after the second one's upgrade. A try declared lost, or dropped with the epoch's flights, now lets the next packet try again. test-link's refused_restarted case: the receiver refuses a stream, is killed while the next try is due and comes back 8 s later with the input; before, nothing was stored in 120 s, now all 200 are by 18.2 s. Streams refused for good send as few packets as before (9 in 90 s).
* Say what the windows and checkpoints cost (013 steps 2 and 3, 104)eunhhu2026-09-305-15/+79
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 013's second step is in (d9e0b68): each transport holds a window of its output's sends. 104 measures it with the receivers down: once the window is full a node grows by the outbox alone, 219 and 218 B a send over the link and HTTP (399 and 534 B before). The third step is a measurement. A checkpoint holds one list's snapshot while it writes the image, so what it adds is what the app changed meanwhile: nothing visible on tmpfs or for a list that fits the card's fast writes; on the SD card, a 22.4 MB list written for about 8 s while 1,400 items a second were set left +3.0 and +4.4 MiB. The highest resident memory was twice the state bytes, inside 013's bound (the state and one snapshot) and its stop criterion (3x). 021's run.py takes --items, --stores (a directory on the device to measure) and --label, and reports the peak (VmHWM).
* Hold a window of each output's sends in its transport, not the outboxeunhhu2026-09-3010-60/+196
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A link's ring and a wire's queue took every saved send of their output and kept it until delivered: with the receiver down they held the outbox a second time, 178 B and 313 B more a send (104). Each outlet now holds a window, --window bytes (4 MiB) and 65,536 sends past what its receiver has, at least one; the outbox keeps the rest. The owner remembers each outlet's place in the outbox and looks on from there after a save and after its transports deliver. Places move back by the sends that left the outbox since (PureApp.sends_gone), so a trim before a place skips nothing, and sends queued before are not looked at again however many wait. pure_app_sent reads a send by its place (the newest-first visit it replaces is gone); pure_link_held and pure_wire_held say what a transport holds. With the receiver down a node now grows by the outbox alone once the window is full: 219 and 218 B a send over the link and HTTP (399 and 534 B before). check.py server_windows keeps the receivers of a sender's two outputs, one linked and one over HTTP, down through 300 buys with a 2,000-byte window, then starts them: each applies all 300 once. Without the refill after deliveries the link stops at 117.
* Say where a node's memory goes, and the budget it now keeps (104, 013)eunhhu2026-09-3010-1/+473
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 104 measures a node's memory under a receiver that is down and under a snapshot held for long (021's run.py: resident memory against what was posted, 30 s a case). A held snapshot grew the node without end (6.4 to 678 MiB, fixed in d1e8f38); a slow receiver grows it by what was sent, 221 B a send, which is state until delivered, so the budget bounds state and refuses past it. 013 is that budget's design: what it counts (state bytes, deterministic), what an event over it does, why an answer takes its send's room, how links and HTTP wait, what it does not count and those bounds, and the checks. With --memory 4000000 the same load fills it in about 4 s and the node stays at 9.6-9.8 MiB (45.9 MiB and growing without). 012 records the hole the budget found in the link (the full flag), and 103 that its clock fix fell short (385754c). CHECKPOINT gains the row.
* Wait on the monotonic clock everywhere a deadline is waited foreunhhu2026-09-306-30/+146
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Review 004's timer fix (103) counted the deadlines on the monotonic clock, but the owner still slept until a wall-clock time: with the clock set back an hour a node's timers would stop for that hour. So would a wire's pause between tries, and a lone commit after a group would wait an hour for the others to join it. The test's LD_PRELOAD moves only what the process reads, so there each wait ended at once instead, and the timers went on ticking while the owner spun a core. core/wait.h makes conditions that wait on the monotonic clock (pthread_condattr_setclock; macOS keeps the wall clock) and deadlines on it. The owner's waits, the wire's pauses and the group commit's gathering use them. clock-back.so can now move the clock forward too (CLOCK_SHIFT_S), and check.py server_clocks moves it an hour each way under a node with a timer and a wire to a port no one listens on, and under a document server whose three threads commit together, then one alone. Before: back, 159 % CPU and 50,886 tries in 1.2 s; forward, 1 tick, 1 try, and a lone commit that never ended. After: 59 ticks, 0 % CPU, 4 tries and a lone commit of 2.6 ms, both ways.
* Count only the states the memory budget countseunhhu2026-09-302-5/+12
| | | | | | | | | | An event under a budget counted its states twice, before and after, walking every state. For the smallest event (a number added, no store) that cost 21 ns in an app of one state and 125 ns in one of 32 (+17 %, +38 %). The app now keeps a bit for each list (not a message's rows) and text when it opens its module, and walks those alone: +10 ns and +29 ns (+8 %, +9 %), and nothing without a budget. A served write costs tens of microseconds, so its throughput does not see it.